Combined Training with Aerobic Exercise Performed Outdoors Can Promote Better Blood Pressure and Affective Responses in Individuals with Cardiovascular Risk Factors.

The purpose of the study was to compare the effects of two models of combined training (CT) (aerobic and resistance exercise realized in the same training session), with aerobic training performed in different environments (indoor or outdoor), on blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and affective response in individuals with cardiovascular risk factors. Twenty-six participants were allocated, in a non-randomized design, into CT with aerobic exercise performed indoors (ICT) or outdoors (OCT). Both groups were submitted to three weekly CT sessions, with aerobic exercises performed on ergometers or an athletics track. Before and after nine weeks of training, BP and HR at rest were measured. In the last session of the training, the affective response was collected. The individuals were 65.8 ± 7.8 (ICT) and 67.3 ± 8.2 (OCT) years. Lower values of diastolic BP were observed for the OCT group at post-training (p < 0.001). Moreover, in OCT, a significant inverse correlation was identified between the affective response to training and changes in systolic BP (r = −0.60; p = 0.03) and mean BP (r = −0.62; p = 0.02). In conclusion, CT, with aerobic exercise performed outdoors, seems to be more effective in reducing BP with better affective responses to training.

Blood Pressure and Blood Glucose Responses to Combined Exercise Sessions of Different Intensities in Individuals with Cardiovascular Risk Factors.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study was to verify the acute effects of blood pressure and blood glucose after two sessions of combined exercise sessions performed at two levels of intensity in trained individuals with cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS: Eighteen individuals (66.22 ± 8.61 years) of both sexes (6 women/12 men) with cardiovascular risk factors performed two sessions of combined exercises at different levels of intensity: moderate (MOD) and high (HI). To control the intensity of the aerobic training, the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) Scale was used. For the strength training, the maximum number of repetitions was carried out within a predetermined duration of sets. Blood pressure and blood glucose measurements were collected before and 20 minutes after the sessions. The data were analyzed using Generalized Estimating Equations, α 5%. RESULTS: Reductions were observed in systolic blood pressure (MOD - Δ = -4.95 mmHg; HI - Δ = -3.31 mmHg) and blood glucose (MOD - Δ = -16.06 mg/dL; HI - Δ = -29.45 mg/dL) after the two sessions, with no difference between sessions. Diastolic blood pressure did not change (p < .05). CONCLUSION: Combined exercises sessions of moderate or high intensity can promote an acute reduction in systolic blood pressure and glycemia in individuals with cardiovascular risk factors.

Effects of Aerobic Training Progression on Blood Pressure in Individuals With Hypertension: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression.

INTRODUCTION: Aerobic training of moderate intensity is the primary modality recommended in the management of hypertension. The manipulation of training variables can be an important strategy for the continuity of health benefits; however, little is known about the effects of the progression of aerobic training variables in the adaptations of blood pressure in hypertensive adults. OBJECTIVE: To analyze, through a systematic review with meta-analysis, the effects of aerobic training with and without progression on systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in hypertensive adults. METHOD: The search for the studies was carried out in the PubMed, Cochrane Central, SPORTDiscus and LILACS databases. Clinical trials that analyzed the effect of aerobic training, lasting at least six weeks, on blood pressure in hypertensive individuals comparing with a control group without intervention were selected. The selection of studies and data extraction were carried out independently by two pairs of researchers. The results are presented as mean difference and 95% confidence interval. Statistical significance was considered with p < 0.05. RESULTS: Of the 13,028 studies found, 24 were selected and included in this review, 12 with progression of training variables and 12 without progression, with a total of 1,207 participants analyzed. There was a reduction in SBP after aerobic training with progression (-10.67 mmHg; 95% CI -15.421, -5.926; p < 0.001) and without progression (-10.17 mmHg; CI -12.213, -8.120; p < 0.001). DBP also decreased after aerobic training with progression (-5.49 mmHg; 95% CI -8.663, -2.310; p < 0.001) and without progression (-6.51 mmHg; 95% CI -9.147, -3.868; p < 0.001). According to the results of the meta-regression analyses, only age showed an association with the reduction of SBP (ß: -0.323; CI -0.339, -0.307; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Aerobic training promotes a reduction in the SBP and DBP levels of adults with hypertension, regardless of whether or not the training variables progression.

Effects of aerobic training with and without progression on blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review with meta-analyses and meta-regressions.

AIMS: To analyze the effects of aerobic training with and without progression on blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: The databases used for the systematic search were PubMed, Cochrane Central, SPORTDiscus and LILACS. Studies which analyzed blood pressure before and after an intervention period of eight or more weeks of aerobic training compared to a control group without training in patients with type 2 diabetes were included. RESULTS: Of the 4186 studies found, 17 clinical trials were included (912 participants). Systolic blood pressure (SBP) decreased after aerobic training with progression (-6.78 mmHg; 95% CI -8.36, -5.19; p < 0.001) and without progression (-8.07 mmHg; 95% CI -9.37, -6.77; p < 0.001). The same happened regarding diastolic blood pressure (DBP), which decreased with aerobic training with progression (-3.10 mmHg; 95% CI -4.90, -1.31; p < 0.001) and without progression (-5.71 mmHg; 95% CI -7.15, -4.28; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Aerobic training is effective in reducing blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes, regardless of progression in training variables.

Comportamento da pressão arterial após uma sessão de exercícios físicos combinados em idosas hipertensas / Blood pressure pattern following a combined exercise session in hypertensive older women

OBJETIVO: O presente estudo teve como objetivos verificar o comportamento de variáveis hemodinâmicas após uma sessão de exercício combinado em idosas hipertensas e identificar qual a intensidade de esforço alcançada nessa sessão. MÉTODO: Participaram deste estudo 14 mulheres idosas (72,0±6,7 anos), hipertensas, que praticavam regularmente atividade física. As participantes foram submetidas a uma sessão de uma hora de exercício combinado executado em grupo, com monitoramento da intensidade de esforço por meio de acelerometria (Actigraph, modelo GT3X+). Parâmetros hemodinâmicos (pressão arterial sistólica, pressão arterial diastólica, frequência cardíaca, volume sistólico, débito cardíaco e resistência vascular periférica) foram mensurados individualmente, por meio de fotopletismografia de dedo (Finometer), antes e após (60 min) a sessão de exercício. RESULTADO: As sessões foram compostas, predominantemente, por atividades de intensidade leve baixa (60%) e 20% do tempo das aulas foi gasto em comportamento sedentário. Nenhuma das variáveis avaliadas apresentou modificação quando comparados os valores pré e pós-exercício (p>0,05). O comportamento da pressão arterial sistólica correlacionou-se positivamente com o tempo gasto em comportamento sedentário (r=0,541; p=0,045). CONCLUSÃO: Da maneira como foram conduzidas, as sessões de exercício físico combinado não foram capazes de gerar hipotensão pós-exercício. Além disso, o tempo despendido em atividades tipicamente sedentárias durante as aulas apresentou correlação positiva com as mudanças da pressão arterial, sugerindo que programas de exercícios combinados, aplicados em forma de ginástica coletiva, sejam compostos por atividades de intensidade mais elevada. AU

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to verify the behavior of hemodynamic variables in hypertensive older women following a combined exercise session and to identify the intensity of effort achieved in this session. METHOD: The study included 14 hypertensive older women (72.0±6.7 years old) who regularly practiced physical activities. The participants underwent a one-hour combined exercise session performed in a group, with intensity of effort monitored by accelerometry (Actigraph, model GT3X+). The hemodynamic parameters (systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance) were individually measured by finger photoplethysmography (Finometer) before and after (60 min) the exercise session. RESULT: The sessions consisted predominantly of low-light intensity activities (60%) and 20% of class time was spent on sedentary behavior. None of the evaluated variables exhibited changes when the pre and post-exercise values were compared ​​(p>0.05). Systolic blood pressure behavior correlated positively with time spent in sedentary behavior (r=0.541; p=0.045). CONCLUSION: The combined exercise sessions, as conducted, did not generate post-exercise hypotension. In addition, the time spent in typically sedentary activities during the classes positively correlated with changes in blood pressure, suggesting that combined exercise programs, applied in the form of collective aerobic exercises, should be composed of higher intensity activities.AU